Little Women

Primary & ElementaryChallengingReading Comprehension

Read the following extract carefully, then answer the question:

"Demi, like a true Yankee, was of an inquiring turn, wanting to know everything, and often getting much disturbed because he could not get satisfactory answers to his perpetual “What for?” He also possessed a philosophic bent, to the great delight of his grandfather, who used to hold Socratic conversations with him, in which the precocious pupil occasionally posed his teacher, to the undisguised satisfaction of the womenfolk.

“What makes my legs go, Dranpa?” asked the young philosopher, surveying those active portions of his frame with a meditative air, while resting after a go-to-bed frolic one night. “It’s your little mind, Demi,” replied the sage, stroking the yellow head respectfully. “What is a little mine?” “It is something which makes your body move, as the spring made the wheels go in my watch when I showed it to you.” “Open me. I want to see it go wound.” “I can’t do that any more than you could open the watch. God winds you up, and you go till He stops you.” “Does I?” and Demi’s brown eyes grew big and bright as he took in the new thought. “Is I wounded up like the watch?” “Yes, but I can’t show you how, for it is done when we don’t see.” Demi felt his back, as if expecting to find it like that of the watch, and then gravely remarked, “I dess Dod does it when I’s asleep.”

A careful explanation followed, to which he listened so attentively that his anxious grandmother said, “My dear, do you think it wise to talk about such things to that baby? He’s getting great bumps over his eyes, and learning to ask the most unanswerable questions.” “If he is old enough to ask the question he is old enough to receive true answers. I am not putting the thoughts into his head, but helping him unfold those already there. These children are wiser than we are, and I have no doubt the boy understands every word I have said to him. Now, Demi, tell me where you keep your mind.”

If the boy had replied like Alcibiades, “By the gods, Socrates, I cannot tell,” his grandfather would not have been surprised, but when, after standing a moment on one leg, like a meditative young stork, he answered, in a tone of calm conviction, “In my little belly,” the old gentleman could only join in Grandma’s laugh, and dismiss the class in metaphysics.

Mr. Bhaer came in one evening to pause on the threshold of the study, astonished by the spectacle that met his eye. Prone upon the floor lay Mr. March, with his respectable legs in the air, and beside him, likewise prone, was Demi, trying to imitate the attitude with his own short, scarlet-stockinged legs, both grovelers so seriously absorbed that they were unconscious of spectators, till Mr. Bhaer laughed his sonorous laugh, and Jo cried out, with a scandalized face... “Father, Father, here’s the Professor!” Down went the black legs and up came the gray head, as the preceptor said, with undisturbed dignity, “Good evening, Mr. Bhaer. Excuse me for a moment. We are just finishing our lesson. Now, Demi, make the letter and tell its name.” “I knows him!” and, after a few convulsive efforts, the red legs took the shape of a pair of compasses, and the intelligent pupil triumphantly shouted, “It’s a We, Dranpa, it’s a We!” “He’s a born Weller,” laughed Jo, as her parent gathered himself up, and her nephew tried to stand on his head, as the only mode of expressing his satisfaction that school was over.

“What have you been at today, bubchen?” asked Mr. Bhaer, picking up the gymnast. “Me went to see little Mary.” “And what did you there?” “I kissed her,” began Demi, with artless frankness. “Prut! Thou beginnest early. What did the little Mary say to that?” asked Mr. Bhaer, continuing to confess the young sinner, who stood upon the knee, exploring the waistcoat pocket. “Oh, she liked it, and she kissed me, and I liked it. Don’t little boys like little girls?” asked Demi, with his mouth full, and an air of bland satisfaction. “You precocious chick! Who put that into your head?” said Jo, enjoying the innocent revelation as much as the Professor. “’Tisn’t in mine head, it’s in mine mouf,” answered literal Demi, putting out his tongue, with a chocolate drop on it, thinking she alluded to confectionery, not ideas. “Thou shouldst save some for the little friend. Sweets to the sweet, mannling,” and Mr. Bhaer offered Jo some, with a look that made her wonder if chocolate was not the nectar drunk by the gods. Demi also saw the smile, was impressed by it, and artlessy inquired. .. “Do great boys like great girls, to, ’Fessor?”

Analyse how the author uses language and literary devices, including the allusion to Socrates and Alcibiades, to create humour in the passage, especially in the discussion about Demi's 'mind'.

💡 Writing Tips

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    Look for unexpected answers, exaggeration, and formal language used in an informal context. Consider how the grandfather's serious tone in discussing deep ideas contrasts with Demi's childlike perspective. Think about the effect of the classical allusion: what does it expect the reader to know, and how does that expectation lead to humour when Demi gives a very different kind of answer?

📝 Sample Answer

The author masterfully uses a combination of unexpected dialogue, the contrast between profound concepts and childish innocence, and literary allusions to create humour. Initially, Demi's serious 'philosophic bent' and his grandfather's 'Socratic conversations' establish an elevated intellectual atmosphere, treating Demi like a budding philosopher despite his young age. The humour arises from Demi's literal interpretation of abstract concepts; when his grandfather explains the mind as something that 'makes your body move, as the spring made the wheels go in my watch,' Demi immediately asks, 'Open me. I want to see it go wound,' showing his innocent, physical understanding.

The most significant humorous device is the allusion to Alcibiades and Socrates. The grandfather expects Demi to ponder the philosophical question 'where you keep your mind' with profound thought, perhaps like the famous Greek student Alcibiades to Socrates. However, Demi's unpretentious and thoroughly childlike answer, 'In my little belly,' completely undercuts the serious, classical expectation. This juxtaposition of high philosophy with a simple, bodily answer is inherently comedic, leading the 'old gentleman' to 'join in Grandma’s laugh' and 'dismiss the class in metaphysics.' The grand topic is deflated by the child's utterly practical, yet illogical, understanding, creating a delightful moment of lightheartedness.

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