How do I analyse how language creates meaning and effect?
Zoom in on words, phrases and techniques, then explain their effect on the reader.
How to approach it
- Make a point that answers the question directly.
- Choose a short quotation that contains rich language.
- Zoom in on one or two words from the quotation.
- Explain what the language makes the reader imagine, feel or understand.
What to look for
- Powerful verbs, charged adjectives and repeated images.
- Metaphor, simile, personification and symbolism.
- Sound patterns, sentence rhythm and punctuation.
- Methods that create tension, sympathy, humour, authority or unease.
Worked example
Question
How does the writer present Tom's feelings about the weather?
Short extract
Tom glanced at the dark clouds gathering overhead and quickened his pace.
Model response
The verb "quickened" suggests urgency and concern, implying that Tom wants to avoid the approaching weather. The phrase "dark clouds gathering overhead" creates a threatening atmosphere, so the reader senses that Tom feels anxious about being caught outside.
Study tip
Naming a technique is useful only if you explain its effect. The analysis carries the marks.