Discursive Writing for the 11+: Balancing Both Sides of an Argument

Learn how to explore both sides of an issue fairly, use careful language, and reach a thoughtful conclusion—all under exam time limits.

What Is Discursive Writing?

Discursive writing explores an issue from multiple viewpoints. Unlike persuasive pieces, you don’t simply push one side—you present pros and cons fairly, then reach a measured judgement.

Your Aims

Show you understand both sides accurately
Group ideas logically (not as a random list)
Use balanced, neutral, and evaluative language
Conclude with a nuanced view, not an extreme claim

Fast Planning: Pros/Cons Map (3 minutes)

Write the topic in the middle; note the audience (school, council, general readers)
List 2–3 strong reasons on each side, each with a quick example
Circle the best pro and best con—these become your main body paragraphs
Decide your final position (leaning for/against or conditional)

Language for Balance and Nuance

Neutral & Hedging

"It could be argued that…", "Some evidence suggests…", "A potential drawback is…"

Fair Summary

"Supporters highlight…", "Critics point out…", "A common concern is…"

Evaluation

"However, this depends on…", "This is persuasive when…", "Less convincing because…"

Conclusion Signals

"On balance…", "Overall…", "While X is valuable, in this context…"

Model Paragraph Pair (For vs Against)

For: School Uniforms

Supporters argue uniforms reduce pressure to wear brands and can create a calmer atmosphere. For example, teachers report fewer arguments about clothing on non-uniform days.

Against: School Uniforms

However, critics point out that uniforms can be expensive and uncomfortable, particularly in hot weather. Choice in clothing may let pupils express identity more confidently.

Common Pitfalls

Only listing points: develop each with a small example or explanation
Biased tone: avoid sarcasm; present the other side fairly before evaluating
Extreme endings: choose a nuanced conclusion that fits your evidence

Practice Task

Prompt: Should homework be reduced in primary schools?

Plan 2 pros and 2 cons with an example for each. Write 2 paragraphs (one for, one against) and end with a one-sentence balanced conclusion.